党的第三代领导集体对社会主义发展战略理论的新贡献

党的第三代领导集体创造性地运用邓小平的社会发展战略思想,提出了“科教兴国” 和“可持续发展”战略,推动着邓小平提出的“三步走”战略向着既定的目标前进。这是第三代领导集体对社会主义发展战略的新贡献。     

Evaluating Sugarcane Diets for Dairy Cows Using a Digestion Model

To eliminate unnecessary feeding trials, a mechanistic model of sugarcane digestion was used in the search for suitable supplements to improve milk production. Milk production simulated by the model was compared with data observed in four feeding trials published in the tropical literature where crossbred dairy cows were fed sugarcane/urea diets with different types of supplements. The predicted effects of the supplements on the ruminal microbial population, concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were also compared with the published results in one experiment. The model indicated the nutrient most limiting milk production for the different feeding situations. The addtion of Leucaena to the basal sugarcane/urea improved the availability of amino acids and long-chain fatty acids, with energy becoming the limiting factor. Supplementation with rice bran increased the availability of energy and long-chain fatty acids, but amino acids then became the limiting factor. Supplementation with both Leucaena and rice bran further improved the milk yield, but availability of energy now limited milk production. Supplementation with Leucaena increased milk production more than supplementation with king grass. The main reason for this increase was increased amino acid absorption due to increased microbial outflow. In all feeding situations, the average difference between the predicted milk production and that observed experimentally was 0.57 kg/d (ranging from 0.08 to 1 kg/d).     

蛇床子素对小麦赤霉病菌葡萄糖、钙吸收和三磷酸腺苷酶活性的抑制

蛇床子素可抑制小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长干重;含有14C标记的葡萄糖培养基中培养小麦赤霉病菌,以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理,其菌体内14C放射强度比对照降低43％,表明蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌对葡萄糖的吸收;以100 μg/mL蛇床子素处理小麦赤霉病菌12 h,菌体内总钙含量仅为对照的60%,表明蛇床子素能抑制菌体对钙的吸收;蛇床子素处理对β-1,6-葡聚糖酶活性没有显著影响;离体条件下,蛇床子素能抑制小麦赤霉病菌三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性。     

0～50 cm与0～100 cm土层土壤湿度的转换关系研究

对郑州、南阳2个测点多年来0～100cm土壤湿度、降水(灌溉)及作物发育期资料进行了分析。结果表明,按土壤湿度随时间的变化规律,可将其划分为秋季缓慢下降期、冬季相对稳定期、春季迅速下降期和夏季增墒期4个时段。对0～50cm与0～100cm土层土壤湿度进行回归分析,当前期降水量在10mm以下时,用直线或二次曲线拟合效果良好;当前期降水(灌溉)量大于10mm时,0～50cm与0～100cm土壤湿度之比与前期降水(灌溉)量呈双曲线或二次曲线关系,拟合曲线考虑降水(灌溉)时回归效果有所提高。同一土壤类型、不同时段,或同一时段、不同的土壤类型,拟合的方程不同,反映出不同层次土壤湿度关系的复杂性。     

Traders' preference for goat characteristics in selected markets of Pangasinan, Philippines

Preference for goat characteristics was determined from 42 traders in six markets in Pangasinan, an important trading center for goats in Luzon, the Philippines, and analyzed using a hedonic price model to determine whether these characteristics are important price determinants of goats. This information is important to goat raisers to respond to the needs of the local market, and thus to achieve a better price and higher income in goat raising. Meatiness, size, breed, sex and age (in descending order) were the dominant goat characteristics preferred by traders. Meatiness had the largest positive influence on price, with a price premium of US$6.24 (US$1.00 = PhP 53), whereas the age of the animal had the smallest influence at US$3.72. However, size and meatiness are manifestations of good breeds. Therefore, continued efforts to improve breeds in order to produce good quality goats are imperative to cater to market needs. Different characteristics implied different price premiums. Traders offered a higher price premium for better goat characteristics; thus, the improvement of these characteristics could result in higher returns for goat raisers.     

Introducing spatial grazing impacts into the prediction of moorland vegetation dynamics

Grazing by large herbivores is a major determinant of vegetation dynamics in many semi-natural ecosystems, including the replacement of heather moorland by rough grassland in the British uplands. Herbivore foraging is influenced by vegetation patterns and, in turn, their grazing drives vegetation dynamics. Although vegetation impacts are local, spatially heterogeneous local impacts can have different consequences as would the same impacts distributed uniformly. We constructed a simulation model of the spatial effects of grazing by sheep on the vegetation dynamics of heather moorland, a vegetation community of international conservation importance in the UK. The model comprised three sub-models to predict (1) annual average heather utilisation, (2) spatial variation in heather utilisation (higher near the edge of grass patches) and (3) competition between heather and grass. Here we compare the predicted heather utilisation and vegetation dynamics of the spatial model, relative to those of a non-spatial model. The spatial model resulted in a reduced loss of heather cover for a given sheep stocking rate. The model demonstrates how spatial interactions between large herbivores and their forage drive vegetation dynamics, leading to changes in community structure and composition. Indeed, omitting spatial effects in grazing models may lead to inaccurate predictions. We have shown that ecosystem modelling, based around an iterative dialogue between developers and experienced researchers, has the potential to make a substantial contribution towards the conservation and management of vulnerable landscapes. Combining modelling with experimental studies will facilitate progress towards understanding long-term vegetation/herbivore dynamics.     

氮磷钾配比对花椒产量的影响及其肥料效应模型分析

在陕西凤县黄牛铺镇田间,采用混料设计中的单形重心设计,研究氮、磷、钾配比对花椒产量的影响,并以氮、磷、钾配比值为变量因子,花椒净椒和椒籽产量为目标函数建立了三元三次数学模型。对模型的降维分析表明,混配肥料的肥效顺序为:高钾低磷低氮<高磷低氮低钾<高氮低磷低钾<氮磷钾均衡。根据模型求出了不同氮、磷、钾配比值下的产量极大值,绘制出了养分关于产量的拓展线。     

新疆三工河流域气候暖湿化特征分析

对三工河流域近40a中山区、近山区、近沙漠区的气温、降水、蒸发资料进行月线性趋势分析，得出流域增温主要在2月和9月。2月增温趋势大于9月。流域春夏季气温多年变化较为稳定。降水增湿在1，2月和夏秋季节，夏秋季节降水增湿趋势大于冬季。整个流域夏季蒸发呈减小趋势，平原区蒸发减小趋势大于中山区。夏季降水增大与蒸发减小有较好的反相关性。流域冬季气候增温增湿显著，夏季增湿作用显著。各地暖湿化在空间和时间上有所差异，中山区相对较弱，平原区较强，近山平原区是气候暖湿化最为显著的地域。     

丝绸之路南道旅游资源开发研究-以和田地区为例

丝绸之路南道不论在自然旅游资源,还是在人文旅游资源方面都有其独特之处。本文通过对和田地区旅游资源和客源市场现状分析,提出围绕丝绸之路文化旅游为核心,突出以玉石故乡,大漠风光,田园绿洲,佛国古城及伊期兰教四大特色为主题,重点推出“和田玉石文化”、“尼雅寻梦”等精品,以此为龙头,带动区域旅游业发展的旅游资源开发策略。并提出“一主线,六干线”的各具特色的旅游线路。     

高速公路沙害防治技术研究-以丹东-拉萨高速公路新地-麻黄沟段为例

本文以新地—麻黄沟高速公路防沙体系效益为依据,探讨分析了高速公路沙害的特点以及防沙体系建设的基本要求。研究表明,高速公路沙害防治需要采取适当抬高路基,建立稳固的防沙体系并要适当加大防护带宽度的综合措施。该地区公路防沙体系的结构配置对干旱、半干旱沙漠地区高速公路沙害防治具有一定的借鉴作用。